Golf is a sport that requires precision and power; however, its physical demands can lead to injuries that affect both amateurs and professionals. Golf places unique demands on the body due to the rotation and speed components combined with its repetitive nature. Research highlights the most common golf-related injuries—lower back pain, hip pain, shoulder issues, elbow problems, and wrist injuries, with knee issues also warranting attention. By understanding these risks and adopting preventive strategies, golfers can protect their bodies and elevate their game.

Low Back Pain – Bending and Twisting

Lower back pain tops the list as the most prevalent golf injury, driven by the sport’s intense rotational forces and repetitive bending. Studies show it’s a primary complaint across all levels, often worsened by poor swing mechanics or weak core strength. Simple fixes like core exercises (e.g., planks) and working with a swing coach to refine technique can reduce lumbar strain. Similarly, hip pain affects a significant portion of golfers, with research indicating a 19% prevalence among male professionals. The hips and low back are intimately connected in the golf swing, and often if you address issues in the hips, the back pain will begin to resolve. Repetitive twisting and uneven loading between the lead and trail hips can lead to labral tears, impingement, or reduced range of motion. Incorporating hip mobility drills and ensuring balanced swing mechanics can help mitigate these risks. For more information about this check our back pain and golf swing blog.

Shoulder, Elbow and Wrist Pain – Too Much Too Soon

Upper body injuries are also common, with shoulders, elbows, and wrists bearing the brunt of overuse. Shoulder injuries, such as rotator cuff tendinitis, rank high due to the high-force, repetitive arm motions in swings. Both amateurs and professionals are likely to experience shoulder pain, especially those who have incorrect swing mechanics. Elbow injuries, like golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis) or tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis), are especially prevalent among amateurs, often stemming from gripping the club too tight or poor technique. Studies suggest elbows account for a significant share of overuse injuries, which can be addressed through grip adjustments and forearm strengthening. Hand and wrist injuries, particularly among professionals, include tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and even fractures, driven by repetitive impacts and gripping. Stretching wrists and using proper grip pressure can help prevent these issues.

Knee Pain – Poor Mechanics

While less common, knee injuries deserve attention, typically involving meniscus tears or patellofemoral pain rather than more severe injuries like you would see in sports like football or baseball such as ACL tears, which are rare in golf. Surveys estimate knee issues affect 3-18% of golfers, often due to twisting or improper weight shifts during swings. In my experience, most knee injuries are not a direct result of golf, but are prior injuries that are brought to light by poor mechanics and tolerance to the loading strategies used in golf. Leg strengthening exercises, such as squats, and maintaining balanced swing mechanics can minimize knee strain, especially for those with preexisting conditions.